admin, Author at unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 31, 2023November 2, 2023

The Dual Struggle: LGBT Soldiers in Ukraine

On 15 August, the vibrant streets of Lviv, a city known for its rich culture and history in western Ukraine, bore witness to a horrifying event. Hanna Mark, a transgender soldier of the Ukrainian armed forces, became the victim of a violent assault during her personal leave. This incident, partially recorded by a bystander, rapidly spread across social media, sparking a nationwide discourse on the adversities the LGBT community faces in Ukraine.

A Soldier’s Valor Amidst External Threats

Hanna’s commitment to her nation predates the full onslaught of the Russian invasion. She stands as a testament to the indomitable spirit of Ukrainians hailing from varied backgrounds and beliefs, all bound by a shared resolve to counteract Russia’s expansionist goals. Since the initial skirmishes in 2014, a diverse group, ranging from minorities to political activists, has taken a firm stand in defense of their motherland. Among these brave souls, the unicorn patch stands out, a symbol sported by some as an emblem of their LGBT identity.

Recurring Threats from Within

Sadly, the assault on Hanna is not a one-off event. Her past is tarnished by similar aggressions, ranging from verbal taunts in public spaces to physical altercations, including an incident where she was attacked with pepper spray. Such incidents underscore the deep-rooted prejudice that persists.

Ukraine’s Progressive Military Policies

In comparison to many nations, Ukraine’s approach towards LGBT soldiers is notably progressive. The country imposes no barriers on their participation in the armed forces. Yet, it’s not devoid of issues, with some reports highlighting instances of homophobia within the military.

Established in 2018 by an openly gay veteran, the Union of the LGBT Military has taken on the mantle of safeguarding the rights of LGBT soldiers. The organization’s goals are twofold: advocating for LGBT rights and upholding the pillars of Ukraine’s democracy and equality for all citizens.

Russia’s Stance: A Stark Contrast

Under the stewardship of President Vladimir Putin, Russia has adopted a stringent anti-LGBT stance, frequently decrying Western values as detrimental to “traditional Russian values.” This palpable difference has galvanized Ukrainian advocacy groups to oppose Russia, viewing them not merely as invaders but also as oppressors of marginalized groups.

A Glimmer of Hope

Despite not legally recognizing same-sex marriages, Ukraine is showing signs of progress. The Verkhovna Rada is currently mulling over a proposal to bestow full rights upon LGBT service members. If ratified, this move would ensure that partners of LGBT soldiers are accorded equal rights, particularly in scenarios where the soldier suffers injuries or loses their life in combat.

Navigating a Complex Landscape

For transgender individuals in Ukraine, the path is fraught with challenges. The prevailing system necessitates a gender dysphoria diagnosis for transgender citizens to gain recognition in official records. With the imposition of martial law in Ukraine, transgender women face significant hurdles in leaving the country, primarily due to conscription rules targeting adult males. However, a beacon of hope shines in the form of conscription officers who, understanding the predicaments of trans women, can permit their departure, albeit after an intricate process involving paperwork and medical evaluations.

A Battle on Two Fronts

Hanna Mark’s ordeal epitomizes the dual challenges LGBT soldiers in Ukraine confront: battling external foes and combatting internal prejudices. As Ukraine wrestles with these multifaceted issues, the tenacity and courage of soldiers like Hanna shine as a symbol of hope, heralding a brighter, more inclusive future.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 31, 2023November 3, 2023

Japan’s Supreme Court Overturns Controversial Sterilisation Requirement for Transgender Citizens

Tokyo, Japan – In a landmark decision, Japan’s Supreme Court has declared that the 2004 law requiring sterilisation for citizens seeking to change their official gender is unconstitutional. The decision represents a significant step forward for transgender rights in the country.

Historical Context

The controversial 2004 law stipulated that individuals could only officially change their gender if they possessed “no reproductive capacity.” This policy has faced staunch criticism over the years, with rights groups and activists labeling it as outdated and abusive.

A Victory for Transgender Rights

Human Rights Watch (HRW), an international rights organization, celebrated the ruling, terming it a significant win for transgender rights in Japan. Kanae Doi, the Japan Director at HRW, expressed her sentiments to the BBC, stating, “This judgment upholds the rights to health, privacy, and bodily autonomy of trans people in Japan.” The decision is seen as a culmination of years of relentless advocacy and legal battles to abolish this stringent requirement.

A Reversal of Prior Verdicts

This recent decision overturns a 2019 verdict by the same court, which had upheld the 2004 law as constitutional. Japan remains one of 18 countries worldwide that mandates sterilisation surgery for gender change, a practice opposed by the World Health Organization. The nation also stands out as the only G7 country that does not legally recognize same-sex unions.

The Battle for Recognition

The case that led to the landmark ruling was filed by a transgender woman whose plea was previously rejected by both the family and high court. Her lawyer argued that the years of hormone therapy she had undergone had already diminished her reproductive capacity. The surgery, he argued, presented both physical suffering and potential after-effects.

However, certain groups have expressed concerns about the potential ramifications of removing the sterilisation requirement. Their fears are centered around the safety of women and the potential for legal ambiguities.

Changing Tides in Japan

The climate regarding LGBTQ rights in Japan is gradually shifting. Recent opinion polls have indicated growing support for more inclusive laws. Despite this, resistance persists from conservative sectors of society and certain political figures.

Earlier in the month, a local family court ruled in favor of a transgender man, Gen Suzuki. Suzuki had sought legal recognition of his gender without undergoing the mandated surgery. The presiding judge, Takehiro Sekiguchi, opined that the existing law was in violation of Article 13 of the Japanese Constitution, which ensures respect for all individuals.

Conclusion

The Supreme Court’s decision marks a pivotal moment in Japan’s journey towards more inclusive and progressive legislation for its LGBTQ community. While the road ahead may still present challenges, this ruling serves as a beacon of hope for many.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 30, 2023November 2, 2023

Verdict on Same-Sex Marriages Awaited from India’s Apex Court

India stands at the brink of a potentially transformative legal decision as its Supreme Court prepares to deliver a verdict on the contentious issue of same-sex marriages. Set to be announced on Tuesday, the ruling could usher in monumental changes in a country with a population of over a billion.

A Follow-up to the 2018 Judgement

The significance of this case can’t be overstated, especially in light of the Supreme Court’s groundbreaking 2018 decision that decriminalized homosexual relations by repealing a colonial-era prohibition on gay sex. Should the court rule in favor of legalizing same-sex marriages, India would join the likes of Taiwan and Nepal, which are currently the only Asian nations recognizing such unions.

A Prolonged Legal Battle

The case’s journey to this pivotal moment has been a lengthy one. Between April and May, a five-member bench, led by the Chief Justice of India, deliberated on the arguments presented. After extensive hearings, the court reserved its decision on May 11, with the Supreme Court’s website confirming the impending Tuesday announcement.

Potential Societal Transformation

A ruling in favor of same-sex marriages could necessitate a comprehensive overhaul of India’s family laws. Such a shift would represent a significant departure from the country’s traditionally conservative societal values.

Government’s Stance

However, the journey towards legal recognition has not been without its detractors. The Indian government has been vocal in its opposition, dismissing the push for legalization as “urban elitist views.” Furthermore, they have argued that the issue should be discussed in the parliament rather than the courts. The government also contends that the concept of same-sex marriages doesn’t align with the traditional Indian family structure, which is typically centered around a husband, wife, and children.

LGBTQ Community Awaits Justice

Despite the decriminalization of gay sex in 2018, the LGBTQ community in India continues to face systemic discrimination. Many argue that the lack of legal endorsement for same-sex marriages infringes upon their fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution. As the nation keenly awaits the Supreme Court’s verdict, it remains to be seen whether India will take a progressive leap forward or remain anchored to its conservative moorings.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 30, 2023November 2, 2023

Drag Performer in the Philippines Risks Imprisonment Over Controversial Act

In an act that has ignited a fervent debate across the nation, Pura Luka Vega, whose off-stage name is Amadeus Fernando Pagente, could face jail time. The uproar surrounds Vega’s performance at Manila’s Pride celebration, where they delivered a punk interpretation of the Lord’s Prayer while donned in attire resembling Jesus Christ.

Swift Condemnation from the Church

Once the performance gained traction online, it was immediately met with condemnation from several high-profile religious leaders and policymakers. The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines branded Vega’s performance as “disrespectful” and “blasphemous”. Further intensifying the situation, religious groups like the Philippines for Jesus Movement, along with others, filed a legal complaint against Vega.

In an additional setback for the drag artist, Vega has been banned from 17 regions in the country, encompassing major cities such as Manila and Cebu.

Potential Legal Repercussions

Now, at the age of 33, Vega is grappling with severe legal threats. The charges levelled against them fall under a law targeting “immoral or indecent” acts that could be deemed offensive to any religion or ethnicity. If found guilty, Vega might be incarcerated for up to 12 years and face significant fines.

Global Perspective on Freedom of Expression

Amidst the national furor, some are championing Vega’s artistic freedom. Ryan Thoreson, affiliated with Human Rights Watch’s LGBT Rights Program, highlighted that while Vega’s act might be polarizing, it is safeguarded as a form of expression under global human rights standards. Thoreson articulated, “Artistic freedom encompasses expressions that may challenge or even mock religious tenets.”

Vega Speaks Out

In the aftermath, Vega took to X (formerly Twitter) in July to elucidate their intentions, describing the act as their personal way of venerating God. “It’s my personal journey and expression, rooted in the rights I’ve been denied,” Vega expressed. Speaking later to the AFP news outlet, Vega reflected on the broader implications of their arrest, pointing to the pervasive homophobic sentiment in the Philippines.

Growing Appeals for Acquittal

While the nation remains split on Vega’s act, figures like Thoreson are advocating for the immediate withdrawal of the charges and Vega’s release. The ultimate decision now rests in the hands of the judiciary.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 30, 2023November 2, 2023

Johannesburg’s Prideful Support for Ugandan LGBTQ+ Rights

In a resounding show of unity, over 20,000 individuals marched through Johannesburg’s streets this past Saturday to commemorate Pride, amplifying the voices and concerns of LGBTQ+ communities across Africa. With numerous African nations maintaining prohibitive stances on same-sex relationships, the event highlighted the dire circumstances many face.

A Ugandan’s Tale of Survival

Mandela Swali, a 25-year-old from Uganda, stood at the vanguard of the parade, attending his inaugural Pride event. Adorned in glitter and the Ugandan flag, Swali narrated his perilous exit from Uganda in 2021 after a compromising incident with his boyfriend led to his detainment. On feeling the embrace of the Johannesburg Pride community, he shared, “This is the kinship and belonging I’ve yearned for. I genuinely feel welcomed here.”

Uganda’s Severe Anti-Gay Laws

Earlier this year, Uganda introduced one of the world’s harshest anti-LGBTQ+ laws, with provisions as severe as the death penalty for specific offenses. This law further exacerbates the landscape where a significant number of African nations already outlaw same-sex relationships.

South Africa’s Progressive Stand

In contrast, South Africa has showcased progressive attitudes, having decriminalized same-sex marriages in 2006. This pioneering decision makes it an outlier on the African continent.

Organizer Kaye Ally encapsulated this year’s Johannesburg Pride’s essence, stating, “Our march today is a beacon of hope for Uganda and all LGBTQ+ communities in Africa who remain silenced.”

Renewed Vigor for Pride

Last year, Johannesburg’s Pride celebration was somewhat subdued, influenced by security concerns raised by the U.S. This year, however, there was a palpable determination in the air. Ally emphasized the event’s significance, saying, “This year, we’re pushing boundaries. With a growing desire for Pride and the mounting challenges across Africa, it’s imperative we stand tall and express ourselves authentically.”

Embodying Human Rights and Unity

With its 34th Pride celebration, Johannesburg reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to human rights, inclusivity, and unity, extending a profound gesture of solidarity to LGBTQ+ individuals throughout Africa.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 30, 2023November 2, 2023

Vatican Synod Concludes Without Clear Stance on Controversial Issues

The Vatican’s Synod of Bishops, a pivotal month-long assembly discussing the Roman Catholic Church’s forward path, wrapped up on Saturday. However, it left pivotal matters, including the potential ordination of female deacons and the recognition of the LGBT community, without clear resolution.

The unprecedented gathering, which followed a two-year consultation with everyday Catholics, saw 365 participants, comprising 300 bishops, lay men, and about 50 mostly lay women. This synod marked a historical moment as Pope Francis granted women and lay individuals the right to vote on Church matters. These participants will reconvene for a final session next year, after which the pope is expected to draft a document addressing the challenges the Church faces.

The result of the synod

The synod’s outcome was a final document consisting of 81 paragraphs, each receiving at least a two-thirds majority approval. Of these, two paragraphs touched on the contentious subject of the possible ordination of women as deacons. Both passed, albeit with the highest number of dissenting votes. One paragraph merely highlighted the contrasting views on the matter, while the other suggested further exploration before the subsequent synod session.

Commenting on the substantial negative votes on the issue of women deacons, Cardinal Jean-Claude Hollerich, one of the event’s organizers, expressed his surprise, noting the resistance was “not as great as people have thought”.

LGBT issues

Despite prior speculations, the final report did not take a definitive position on LGBT-related matters. A paragraph in the document stated that individuals marginalized or alienated from the Church due to their marital status, identity, or sexuality “ask to be heard and accompanied”. Although the synod expressed deep compassion and love for those feeling sidelined or wounded by the Church’s stance, it did not make a direct call for broader inclusion.

Francis DeBernardo, who leads New Ways Ministry, catering to LGBT Catholics, expressed disappointment with the report. He hoped for a more affirmative stance and stressed the Church’s imperative to uphold its ideals of inclusivity, respect, and equality.

Pope Francis is set to officially conclude the gathering with a ceremonial Mass on Sunday at St. Peter’s Basilica, marking the end of this chapter but not the discussions it has ignited.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 27, 2023November 2, 2023

A Historic Apology: UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak Addresses Mistreatment of LGBT Military Personnel

In a groundbreaking address to parliament, British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has extended a formal apology on behalf of the UK government for the past mistreatment of LGBT individuals within the military. This historic move acknowledges the pain and discrimination faced by countless military personnel up until the ban was lifted in 2000.

A Long Overdue Apology

Sunak’s heartfelt speech underscored the grave injustice meted out to LGBT military personnel prior to the year 2000. “The banning of LGBT people from serving in our armed forces until the year 2000 was an appalling failure of the British state,” Sunak remarked. He further highlighted the “horrific sexual abuse and violence” and “homophobic harassment” endured by many who valiantly served the nation.

“This acknowledgment, though long overdue, represents a significant step toward healing and restitution for those who were unfairly targeted due to their sexual orientation or gender identity,” said Catherine Dixon, ex-soldier and current vice-president of the LGBT association Stonewall.

Evolving Military Standards

The British military’s stance on LGBT individuals has drastically changed since the lift of the ban in 2000. Secretary of State for Defence, Ben Wallace, emphasized the country’s commitment to inclusivity, stating, “Tolerance, the values of Western democracies for which we asked you to fight have been refused to you. This was a serious mistake.”

This public apology follows the release of a government-commissioned report detailing the experiences of former LGBT military personnel who served between 1967 and 2000. This crucial document sheds light on the countless challenges and prejudices faced by these brave individuals. A notable recommendation from the report suggests that affected veterans receive “appropriate financial compensation.”

Personal Accounts Highlight Injustices

The report contains firsthand accounts from several LGBT individuals who served during the ban. Their stories, shared anonymously, provide a raw and unfiltered look into the prejudices they faced. One poignant account mentions, “I was the victim of insults, physical attacks, harassment… All because people suspected me of being gay. I wasn’t, I’m transgender. But it was considered worse.”

Restoring Honor

In a move that reflects the changing stance of the Ministry of Defence, service members who were discharged due to their sexual orientation or gender identity are now eligible to reclaim their medals. This change was catalyzed by Joe Ousalice, a Falklands War veteran, who, after a prolonged legal battle, managed to have his confiscated medal returned in 2020. Ousalice was forced to leave the Royal Navy due to his sexual orientation and was stripped of his long service and good conduct medal after a court martial convicted him for his bisexuality.

The Road Ahead

While this public acknowledgment and the subsequent measures mark significant progress, there’s much to be done to ensure that such prejudices are eradicated entirely. The hope is that this apology, coupled with continued advocacy and reform, will pave the way for a more inclusive and tolerant future for all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity.

©unitedradiance.org

by admin - October 27, 2023November 2, 2023

South Korea’s Military ‘Sodomy Law’ Upheld: A Step Backward for LGBTQ+ Rights

In a move that has drawn international criticism and dismay from human rights activists, South Korea’s constitutional court has once again upheld its controversial military “sodomy law”. This marks the fourth time the law, which penalizes consensual same-sex relations among military personnel, has been upheld.

The Controversial Law

Article 92-6 of the military criminal act mandates a maximum of two years in prison for “anal intercourse” and “any other indecent acts” among military personnel. This applies even if the acts were consensual and took place while the personnel were on leave. The recent ruling in favor of this law was a close one, with a five-to-four vote.

Proponents of the law argue that it is necessary to maintain order within the military, asserting that the presence of many men in the armed forces increases opportunities for same-sex relations. They believe that the law acts as a deterrent to prevent same-sex assault and maintain the military’s combat readiness.

Activists and Rights Groups Respond

However, critics argue that the law is discriminatory, outdated, and serves no real purpose in a modern military setting. Lim Tae-hoon, leader of the Center for Military Human Rights Korea, labeled the decision “absurd, illogical, regressive and driven by prejudice.” He emphasized the global progress in the fight against discrimination in the past two decades, lamenting that the ruling showed no advancement in the mindset of the judges.

Amnesty International’s Boram Jang also expressed deep concern, highlighting the ruling as a “distressing setback in the decades-long struggle for equality in the country.” Jang called for the immediate scrapping of the law, pointing out that it reflects the broader prejudice faced by the LGBTQ+ community in South Korea.

A History of Controversy

The law has not only been a point of contention locally but has also drawn criticism from international human rights organizations and the UN human rights committee. Its ambiguous wording has led to its misuse to target and out gay soldiers, even in cases where no sexual act occurred.

In 2017, a controversial investigation was launched, which many rights groups labeled a “witch-hunt”. This investigation aimed to identify gay servicemen and led to the indictment of multiple soldiers. Moreover, in 2021, two soldiers faced criminal charges for a consensual act, with the court stating their actions “bordered on rape”. Such cases underscore the arbitrary and harmful application of the law.

In a significant contrast, South Korea’s supreme court has previously chosen to overturn convictions based on Article 92-6, further highlighting the divisive nature of the law within the country’s judicial system.

Additional Rulings

Alongside the military “sodomy law”, the constitutional court also upheld an article in the Aids prevention act that criminalizes the transmission of HIV infection. Enacted during the Aids panic of the late 1980s, this law has been criticized for stigmatizing individuals living with HIV or Aids, deterring them from seeking necessary care.

Rainbow Action, a coalition of LGBTQ rights organizations, expressed disappointment in the court’s rulings, emphasizing the court’s failure to protect minority rights. They affirmed that the battle for equality and justice is far from over.

In the face of such rulings, the global community watches closely, waiting to see how South Korea will navigate its complex journey towards inclusivity and human rights in the coming years.

by admin - October 27, 2023November 2, 2023

The Silent Struggle: Global Challenges Faced by the LGBTQ Community

In a world that celebrates diversity, the paradox is evident: millions still live in fear simply for being who they are. The rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTQ) individuals are continuously infringed upon, with situations ranging from explicit threats to their lives to more subtle, yet equally damaging, forms of discrimination.

A Spectrum of Oppression

The persecution faced by the LGBTQ community is multi-faceted. While some live under the constant threat of violence or even death, others experience daily micro-aggressions, discrimination, or exclusion. Such experiences not only undermine the individual’s right to equality but also pose severe risks to their mental, emotional, and physical well-being.

In some countries, one’s sexual orientation can be a death sentence. Meanwhile, in others, the prejudice manifests as workplace discrimination, denial of healthcare, or social ostracization based on gender expression, identity, or sexual orientation. This spectrum of oppression is both broad and deep, impacting almost every aspect of an LGBTQ person’s life.

Forms of Discrimination: Beyond the Obvious

While outright violence and discriminatory laws are overt manifestations of prejudice, subtler forms of discrimination are pervasive and equally debilitating. Bullying in schools based on one’s gender expression, derogatory comments on one’s sexual orientation, or being denied medical care due to one’s gender identity are all too common.

Furthermore, individuals who dare to stand up for LGBTQ rights often face backlash. Protests and marches advocating for these rights are frequently suppressed, and activists risk threats, imprisonment, or worse.

Understanding the Nuances

Discrimination can be based on various aspects of one’s identity:

Sexual Orientation: It pertains to whom an individual is attracted to, be it of the same gender, opposite gender, or both.
Gender Identity: This relates to how individuals perceive themselves, which might not align with their biological sex.
Gender Expression: It’s about how one chooses to express their gender, perhaps through attire, behavior, or physical appearance.
Sex Characteristics: These are biological attributes, including genitalia, chromosomes, and hormone levels.

Each of these aspects can be a basis for discrimination, and understanding them is crucial for fostering inclusivity.

Amnesty International: Champions of Change

Global organizations like Amnesty International are at the forefront of the battle against such discrimination. They campaign tirelessly to ensure the rights of LGBTQ individuals are protected, emphasizing their inherent rights to life, freedom, and safety.

The Path Ahead

While the challenges are formidable, the global momentum towards acceptance and equal rights for all is undeniable. International pressure, combined with grassroots activism, is slowly changing the narrative. However, the journey is long, and continuous advocacy is crucial. As societies worldwide grapple with these issues, the hope remains that one day, everyone can live freely, irrespective of their sexual orientation, gender identity, expression, or sex characteristics.

by admin - October 27, 2023November 2, 2023

The Changing Landscape of LGBTQ+ Pride Events: From Activism to Celebration and Beyond

The LGBTQ+ community’s journey, from clandestine gatherings to vibrant parades celebrating their identities, encapsulates a transformative era in human rights history. As the world becomes more interconnected, Pride events have become significant cultural phenomena, drawing attention to both the achievements and ongoing challenges of the LGBTQ+ community worldwide.

A Movement Born from Resistance

The roots of the LGBTQ+ rights movement can be traced back to the late 1960s. The Stonewall riots in New York City in 1969 were a watershed moment, marking the beginning of a global push for LGBTQ+ rights. Prompted by police harassment and societal discrimination, the riots were a public declaration that the LGBTQ+ community would no longer remain silent. The following year, the first Pride marches took place, commemorating the Stonewall anniversary and protesting against ongoing discrimination.

Pride Today: A Global Phenomenon

Fast forward to today, Pride events have evolved into vibrant celebrations that attract millions worldwide. Cities like Madrid, São Paulo, and San Francisco host grand parades, attended by people from all walks of life. These events, however, are not just about celebration; they’re also platforms for advocacy.

In regions where LGBTQ+ rights are still contested, Pride marches often focus on legal protections, acceptance, and the eradication of discrimination.

A Tapestry of Experiences

Pride events vary significantly based on regional and cultural contexts. In Western nations with robust LGBTQ+ protections, these events often have a festive atmosphere. However, in countries where LGBTQ+ rights are still emerging, Pride events can be acts of profound courage and resistance.

Organizations Leading the Way

Global and regional organizations like InterPride, EuroPride, and Pride of the Americas have been instrumental in elevating Pride events to an international stage. They not only help in organizing these events but also work tirelessly behind the scenes to ensure LGBTQ+ rights are recognized universally.

Why Attend a Pride Event?

Pride events offer a unique blend of celebration, advocacy, and community. They provide a space for the LGBTQ+ community and allies to come together, celebrate their identities, and advocate for equal rights.

For travelers, attending a Pride event can offer a deeper understanding of the local LGBTQ+ community and its challenges and achievements.

A Calendar for Global Pride

With over 150 Pride events worldwide, the International LGBTQ+ Travel Association (IGLTA) provides a comprehensive calendar for those interested in participating. This initiative, coupled with IGLTA’s extensive network of LGBTQ-friendly businesses, ensures that travelers have access to safe and welcoming environments wherever they go.

Conclusion

As the world continues to evolve, so does the significance of Pride events. They serve as a reminder of the strides made by the LGBTQ+ community and the challenges that remain. In an era where acceptance is growing, but discrimination still exists, Pride events are more critical than ever, ensuring that the fight for equality and recognition remains in the global spotlight.